Open and Responsible Innovation Concepts for Competitive Advantage

In this paper we present two evolving concepts, Responsible Innovation and Open Innovation, aiming to deepen discussion on similarities and differences between the two. The idea for this conceptual paper is led by the need to elaborate the two concepts in order to allow easier alignment with organizational strategies. We begin by presenting the definitions of the concepts and contexts in which the notions were developed. Responsible Innovation is seen here as a potentially overarching notion that embeds the characteristics of Open Innovation, so the paper discussion is slightly positioned in favour of Responsible Innovation. Moreover, with this paper we want to make contribution on the two concepts in management and business literature

Climate Change and COP26: Are Digital Technologies and Information Management Part of the Problem or the Solution? An Editorial Reflection and Call to Action

The UN COP26 2021 conference on climate change offers the chance for world leaders to take action and make urgent and meaningful commitments to reducing emissions and limit global temperatures to 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels by 2050. Whilst the political aspects and subsequent ramifications of these fundamental and critical decisions cannot be underestimated, there exists a technical perspective where digital and IS technology has a role to play in the monitoring of potential solutions, but also an integral element of climate change solutions. We explore these aspects in this editorial article, offering a comprehensive opinion based insight to a multitude of diverse viewpoints that look at the many challenges through a technology lens. It is widely recognized that technology in all its forms, is an important and integral element of the solution, but industry and wider society also view technology as being part of the problem. Increasingly, researchers are referencing the importance of responsible digitalization to eliminate the significant levels of e-waste. The reality is that technology is an integral component of the global efforts to get to net zero, however, its adoption requires pragmatic tradeoffs as we transition from current behaviors to a more climate friendly society

Climate change and COP26: Are digital technologies and information management part of the problem or the solution? An editorial reflection and call to action

The UN COP26 2021 conference on climate change offers the chance for world leaders to take action and make urgent and meaningful commitments to reducing emissions and limit global temperatures to 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels by 2050. Whilst the political aspects and subsequent ramifications of these fundamental and critical decisions cannot be underestimated, there exists a technical perspective where digital and IS technology has a role to play in the monitoring of potential solutions, but also an integral element of climate change solutions. We explore these aspects in this editorial article, offering a comprehensive opinion based insight to a multitude of diverse viewpoints that look at the many challenges through a technology lens. It is widely recognized that technology in all its forms, is an important and integral element of the solution, but industry and wider society also view technology as being part of the problem. Increasingly, researchers are referencing the importance of responsible digitalization to eliminate the significant levels of e-waste. The reality is that technology is an integral component of the global efforts to get to net zero, however, its adoption requires pragmatic tradeoffs as we transition from current behaviors to a more climate friendly society.</p

“So what if ChatGPT wrote it?” Multidisciplinary perspectives on opportunities, challenges and implications of generative conversational AI for research, practice and policy

Transformative artificially intelligent tools, such as ChatGPT, designed to generate sophisticated text indistinguishable from that produced by a human, are applicable across a wide range of contexts. The technology presents opportunities as well as, often ethical and legal, challenges, and has the potential for both positive and negative impacts for organisations, society, and individuals. Offering multi-disciplinary insight into some of these, this article brings together 43 contributions from experts in fields such as computer science, marketing, information systems, education, policy, hospitality and tourism, management, publishing, and nursing. The contributors acknowledge ChatGPT’s capabilities to enhance productivity and suggest that it is likely to offer significant gains in the banking, hospitality and tourism, and information technology industries, and enhance business activities, such as management and marketing. Nevertheless, they also consider its limitations, disruptions to practices, threats to privacy and security, and consequences of biases, misuse, and misinformation. However, opinion is split on whether ChatGPT’s use should be restricted or legislated. Drawing on these contributions, the article identifies questions requiring further research across three thematic areas: knowledge, transparency, and ethics; digital transformation of organisations and societies; and teaching, learning, and scholarly research. The avenues for further research include: identifying skills, resources, and capabilities needed to handle generative AI; examining biases of generative AI attributable to training datasets and processes; exploring business and societal contexts best suited for generative AI implementation; determining optimal combinations of human and generative AI for various tasks; identifying ways to assess accuracy of text produced by generative AI; and uncovering the ethical and legal issues in using generative AI across different contexts

“So what if ChatGPT wrote it?”:Multidisciplinary perspectives on opportunities, challenges and implications of generative conversational AI for research, practice and policy

Transformative artificially intelligent tools, such as ChatGPT, designed to generate sophisticated text indistinguishable from that produced by a human, are applicable across a wide range of contexts. The technology presents opportunities as well as, often ethical and legal, challenges, and has the potential for both positive and negative impacts for organisations, society, and individuals. Offering multi-disciplinary insight into some of these, this article brings together 43 contributions from experts in fields such as computer science, marketing, information systems, education, policy, hospitality and tourism, management, publishing, and nursing. The contributors acknowledge ChatGPT’s capabilities to enhance productivity and suggest that it is likely to offer significant gains in the banking, hospitality and tourism, and information technology industries, and enhance business activities, such as management and marketing. Nevertheless, they also consider its limitations, disruptions to practices, threats to privacy and security, and consequences of biases, misuse, and misinformation. However, opinion is split on whether ChatGPT’s use should be restricted or legislated. Drawing on these contributions, the article identifies questions requiring further research across three thematic areas: knowledge, transparency, and ethics; digital transformation of organisations and societies; and teaching, learning, and scholarly research. The avenues for further research include: identifying skills, resources, and capabilities needed to handle generative AI; examining biases of generative AI attributable to training datasets and processes; exploring business and societal contexts best suited for generative AI implementation; determining optimal combinations of human and generative AI for various tasks; identifying ways to assess accuracy of text produced by generative AI; and uncovering the ethical and legal issues in using generative AI across different contexts

Implication et action des dirigeants : quelles pistes pour améliorer la sécurité de l'information en PME ?

This article focuses on the role of SME managers in IS security (ISS), as these companies often suffer from more important ISS problems than larger companies. Although many specialists and scholars agree on the importance of their role, SME managers sometimes show little involvement or little action regarding ISS, leading to potentially disastrous consequences. In the literature, involvement and action are often merged, which limits the exploration of this issue. The research question dealt with in this paper is: How to improve the role of managers in their company's ISS? In order to respond, we examined (1) the barriers and drivers of managers’ involvement and action, (2) the consequences of their involvement and actions (3) how the roles in ISS management are shared out. This empirical study uses a qualitative methodology and an interpretive approach. The results extend our understanding of the factors that influence managers' involvement and action in ISS. Four contexts were identified, which were used as a framework for the analysis of the roles of the various people involved in SME ISS. This paper makes a theoretical contribution by shedding light on new factors of managers' involvement and actions. The smallest SMEs seldom have a chief information officer (CIO) or a chief information security officer (CISO). In this case, we found that employees sometimes assume informal responsibility for IS and ISS. We identified various factors to explain this informal position and several related issues. We also contribute to managerial practices by identifying avenues to better involve managers in the ISS of their SMEs. Our major contribution is showing for the first time that when an employee assumes the role of a CISO, whether informally or not, it is of utmost importance to provide top management support. This study is original because managers' involvement and actions are studied separately, which provides more detailed results and allowed us to propose practical recommendations to improve ISS, according to the identified situations.Cet article traite de la sécurité des systèmes d’information (SSI) des PME, qui ont des problèmes souvent plus importants en matière de SSI que les entreprises de plus grande taille. Il s’intéresse plus particulièrement aux dirigeants de PME, car de nombreux spécialistes et scientifiques s’accordent sur leur rôle majeur. Pourtant certains dirigeants ne s’impliquent pas ou n’agissent pas dans la SSI de leur entreprise, avec des conséquences potentiellement désastreuses pour leur activité. Souvent, implication et action sont confondues, ce qui limite la compréhension de cette problématique.  La question de recherche développée dans cette étude exploratoire est : Comment améliorer le rôle du dirigeant dans la SSI de sa PME ? Pour traiter cette question, nous avons étudié (1) les facteurs conditionnant leur implication et leurs actions, (2) les conséquences de leur implication et de leurs actions, (3) comment les rôles sont partagés dans la gestion de la SSI. Une méthodologie qualitative et une approche interprétative ont été adoptées pour mener à bien cette étude empirique. Les résultats complètent et améliorent la compréhension des facteurs conditionnant l’implication et l’action des dirigeants de PME en matière de SSI. Quatre situations-types ont été identifiées, qui ont servi de cadre d’analyse des rôles des divers acteurs impliqués dans la SSI des PME. Les contributions théoriques sont d’une part la mise en évidence de nouveaux facteurs d’implication et d’action des dirigeants et d’autre part, comme la fonction de responsable du SI et a fortiori de responsable de la SSI s’avère très rare dans les plus petites PME, il a été identifié une prise en charge informelle par certains salariés de la SSI de leur PME. Certains facteurs expliquant cette prise en charge, ainsi que les problèmes rencontrés par ces salariés-RSSI ont été identifiés. Les apports managériaux correspondent aux possibilités de mieux impliquer le dirigeant de PME dans la SSI de son entreprise, mais la principale contribution reste la mise en évidence de l’importance capitale d’une meilleure gestion du salarié en charge de la SSI, notamment lorsque cette prise en charge est informelle. L’originalité de ce travail correspond à l’étude de manière dissociée de l’implication et l’action des dirigeants, qui a apporté une meilleure compréhension du partage des rôles en matière de SSI et qui a permis de proposer des recommandations pratiques d’amélioration de la SSI en fonction des situations identifiées

Une étude des comportements liés à la sécurité des systèmes d\u27information en PME

Many studies exist on the technical aspects of Information System\u27s security, but organizational issues have been neglected. After a literature review that highlights the weaknesses in this particular field, we examine I.T. acceptation and adoption models and other fields such as psychology and behavioural theories. The conceptual framework thus constituted has led us to 3 research propositions. A qualitative methodology was conducted in 9 SMEs, where 30 semi-structured interviews found support for these propositions. This research corroborates the specificity of security behaviours and highlights compensation phenomena in case of managers\u27 low implication and more particularly the informal employee\u27s assumption of the responsibility of chief information security officer

Cloud Computing et Stratégie S.I.

International audienceCette contribution a pour but de faire le point sur certains impacts stratégiques du Cloud Computing sur les organisations. Nous avons choisi de nous concentrer sur trois avantages stratégiques du Cloud : (1) les possibilités apportées aux PME et entreprises des pays émergents, (2) le développement de l'agilité et (3) de la capacité d'innovation organisationnelle. Nous avons aussi relevé deux écueils, à savoir (1) le danger de développement de silos fonctionnels et la nécessité d'adopter une gouvernance adaptée, et (2) les risques stratégiques liés à la transformation et au changement dans les organisations entrainés par le Cloud, notamment ceux correspondant aux aspects humains

Les Systèmes d'Information

International audienc

Une étude des comportements liés à la sécurité des systèmes d'information en PME

Many studies exist on the technical aspects of Information System's security, but organizational issues have been neglected. After a literature review that highlights the weaknesses in this particular field, we examine I.T. acceptation and adoption models and other fields such as psychology and behavioural theories. The conceptual framework thus constituted has led us to 3 research propositions. A qualitative methodology was conducted in 9 SMEs, where 30 semi-structured interviews found support for these propositions. This research corroborates the specificity of security behaviours and highlights compensation phenomena in case of managers' low implication and more particularly the informal employee's assumption of the responsibility of "chief information security officer".Peu de travaux scientifiques ont cherch&eacute; &agrave; appr&eacute;hender la dimension organisationnelle de la s&eacute;curit&eacute; des SI (SSI). Apr&egrave;s une revue de la litt&eacute;rature qui met en &eacute;vidence les lacunes de ce domaine, nous discutons de l'adaptation de mod&egrave;les consacr&eacute;s &agrave; d'autres domaines, tels que les comportements d'acceptation et/ou d'utilisation des TIC ou encore des th&eacute;ories tir&eacute;es de la psychologie ou la criminologie. Ceci permet d'aboutir &agrave; un cadre conceptuel et &agrave; trois propositions de recherche concernant les dirigeants et salari&eacute;s. Une &eacute;tude qualitative a permis de confirmer ces propositions et fait appara&icirc;tre la sp&eacute;cificit&eacute; des comportements li&eacute;s &agrave; la SSI. Elle met notamment en &eacute;vidence un ph&eacute;nom&egrave;ne de compensation, dans le cas o&ugrave; le dirigeant est faiblement impliqu&eacute; dans la SSI de son entreprise, qui correspond &agrave; la prise en charge de la SSI par un salari&eacute;, et ce de mani&egrave;re informelle